A white tongue often occurs when the tiny bumps on the surface of the tongue, called papillae, become swollen and trap bacteria, dead cells, or debris. This can result from poor oral hygiene, dehydration, dry mouth, or the use of tobacco and alcohol. In some cases, a white tongue may signal a more serious issue, such as an oral yeast infection (thrush), leukoplakia, or lichen planus.
Thrush, caused by a fungal overgrowth, is common in individuals with weakened immune systems or those taking antibiotics. Leukoplakia causes white patches and can sometimes be precancerous, especially in smokers. Lichen planus is an inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes and may require medical attention.
While a white tongue isn’t always a sign of a serious problem, it’s important to monitor symptoms. If the discoloration lasts more than a week, is accompanied by pain, a burning sensation, or difficulty eating and speaking, it’s best to consult a healthcare provider. Maintaining good oral hygiene, staying hydrated, and avoiding irritants can help keep your tongue healthy.
