Oral cancer, a type of head-and-neck cancer, remains one of the most pressing public health challenges in India today. Alarming statistics reveal that around 77,000 new cases of oral cancer are diagnosed annually, and tragically, more than 52,000 individuals lose their lives to this disease each year. This high mortality rate is often due to late-stage detection, limited awareness, and inadequate access to early diagnosis and treatment options.

Who Is Most at Risk?

Oral cancer most commonly affects men over the age of 40, though younger individuals are not entirely immune. Several lifestyle and environmental factors contribute significantly to the development of this disease. Chief among these is the use of tobacco—whether smoked in the form of cigarettes and bidis or chewed as gutka, khaini, or other smokeless forms. Tobacco consumption is one of the leading causes of oral cancer in India, with a direct link to the development of malignant tumors in the mouth, tongue, and throat.

Another major risk factor is the consumption of alcohol, especially when combined with tobacco use. This combination dramatically increases the likelihood of developing oral cancer. Additionally, the widespread use of areca nut and betel quid (commonly known as supari or paan) in Indian culture has also been linked to pre-cancerous conditions and oral submucous fibrosis, a condition that may eventually lead to cancer.

Chronic sun exposure is another contributing factor, particularly for individuals who spend a great deal of time outdoors without lip protection. Prolonged UV radiation can lead to lip cancer, especially among those with fair skin or those who work in agriculture or construction.

Early Detection Is Crucial

One of the key ways to combat oral cancer is through awareness and early detection. Symptoms such as persistent mouth sores, red or white patches, difficulty in chewing or swallowing, and unexplained bleeding should not be ignored. Regular dental check-ups and self-examinations can help in identifying suspicious lesions before they become life-threatening.

Efforts to curb tobacco and alcohol use, raise awareness, and promote regular screenings are vital in reducing the burden of oral cancer in India. With early intervention and proper treatment, oral cancer is often curable, and lives can be saved.